Problem 2.1: Buff and Equipment System (50pts)

Problem

In this problem, you will implement helper classes for the RPG game: the buff system and equipment system.

在本问题中，您将为 RPG 游戏实现辅助类：Buff 系统和装备系统。

Buff Class

The Buff class represents temporary stat modifications (buffs or debuffs) that affect characters during combat. In this class, you need to implement the decrease_duration() method, it should:

• Decrease duration by 1
• Return True if expired (duration ≤ 0), False otherwise

Buff 类表示在战斗中影响角色的临时属性修改（增益或减益）。 在此类中，您需要实现 decrease_duration() 方法，它应该：

• 将持续时间减 1
• 如果过期（持续时间 ≤ 0），返回 True，否则返回 False

class Buff:
    """
    Represents a temporary stat modification (buff or debuff).
    Duration decreases each turn until it expires.
    """

    def decrease_duration(self):
        """Decrease duration by 1. Returns True if expired.
        >>> buff = Buff("Test Buff", attack_bonus=5, defense_bonus=3, duration=2)
        >>> buff.decrease_duration()
        False
        >>> buff.decrease_duration()
        True
        """
        """YOUR CODE HERE"""

Equipment Classes

The equipment system uses inheritance to model weapons and armor. Both inherit from the Equipment base class.

Equipment Base Class:

• Stores name, attack_bonus, defense_bonus, and price
• Provides common interface for all equipment

Weapon Class:

• Specialized for attack-focused equipment
• Only needs to specify name, attack_bonus, and price
• Defense bonus defaults to 0

Armor Class:

• Specialized for defense-focused equipment
• Only needs to specify name, defense_bonus, and price
• Attack bonus defaults to 0

装备系统使用继承来建模武器和护甲。两者都继承自 Equipment 基类。

装备基类 (Equipment Base Class)：

• 存储 name（名称）、attack_bonus（攻击加成）、defense_bonus（防御加成）和 price（价格）
• 为所有装备提供通用接口

武器类 (Weapon Class)：

• 专注于攻击的装备
• 只需要指定 name、attack_bonus 和 price
• 防御加成默认为 0

护甲类 (Armor Class)：

• 专注于防御的装备
• 只需要指定 name、defense_bonus 和 price
• 攻击加成默认为 0

class Weapon(Equipment):
    def __init__(self, name, attack_bonus, price=0):
        """Initialize a Weapon with the given name, attack bonus, and price.
        >>> sword = Weapon("Sword", attack_bonus=10, price=100)
        >>> print(sword)
        Sword (ATK +10)
        >>> print(sword.price)
        100
        """
        """YOUR CODE HERE"""

class Armor(Equipment):
    def __init__(self, name, defense_bonus, price=0):
        """Initialize an Armor with the given name, defense bonus, and price.
        >>> shield = Armor("Shield", defense_bonus=8, price=80)
        >>> print(shield)
        Shield (DEF +8)
        >>> print(shield.price)
        80
        """
        """YOUR CODE HERE"""

Hints

Hint: Use super().__init__() to call the parent class constructor with appropriate parameters.

• 使用 super().__init__() 调用父类的构造函数并传入适当的参数。